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1、Covariates are random variables you treat as concomitants (see Concomitant Variable) or as other influential variables that also affect the response. Covariates in DOE are uncontrolled variables that influence the response but do not interact with any of the other factors being tested at the time. Therefore, if they are present during the experiment then they would show as measurements of error. covariate In statistics, a covariate is a variable that is possibly predictive of the outcome under study. A covariate may be of direct interest or be a confounding variable or effect modifier.ReferenceA Dictionary of Epidemiology: Fourth Edition. John M Last ed. Oxford UP 2001. 协变量 ( c o v a r i a t e ) 指与因变量有线性 相关并在 探讨自变量与因变量关系时通过统计 技术 加 以控制 的变量。

2、常用的协变量包括 因变量的前测分数 、 人 口统计学 指标 以及与因变量 明显不同的个人特征等。

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